石油经济学Appendix 3.docVIP

Appendix 3:- Time Line of the World Petroleum Industry Here is a chronological summary of some key events, representing the evolution of the world petroleum industry. 4000 BP Mesopotamia [Iraq]:- origins of the Bronze Age, based on bitumen and asphalt from surface seeps as source of energy 673 Eastern Mediterranean [Syria?]:- invention of Greek Fire,bitumen based naval weapon 1264 Baku, [Caspian Sea]:- oil collected from surface seeps,recorded by Marco Polo 1500s Krosno, Poland:- oil was collected from seeps in the Carpathian Mountains,used to illuminate street lamps 1816 Gas Light Company of Baltimore:-start of the US manufactured gas industry 1821 Fredonia, New York:-first commercial natural gas production 1850 James Young:- patented distillation process for recovery of paraffin and wax from cannel coal, then from oil shale 1851 Bathgate [Scotland]:- first commercial oil refinery’to manufacture paraffin oil and wax from local coal 1857 Bend, near Bucharest [Romania[:-drilling of oil wells 1858 Ontario, Canada:-first oil well in North America 1859 Titusville, Pennsylvania:- first commercial oil well in USA;Edwin Drake struck oil at 69ft. 1861 American Civil War 1870 Standard Oil Company:- formed by John D Rockefeller,to refine kerosene for lighting;dominated American petroleum industry 1873 Baku [Russia, now Azerbaijan]:- refinery business established by Robert Nobel;rationalised Russian production 1882 Thomas Edison invents the electric light bulb;threatens to undermine market for kerosene 1883 Baku to Batum [Black Sea] railway:- financed by Rothchilds;-facilitates export of Russian oil 1885 Sumatra:- oil discovered by East Sumatra Tobacco Company;origin of Royal Dutch formed in 1895. 1892 Shell Transport and Trading:- formed by Marcus Samuel,to transport oil by tanker east of Suez 1894 Carl Benz invents the automobile;new market for oil 1901 Spindletop [Texas] Lucas # 1 flowed at 75,000 barrels per day,heralded the birth of the Texas