基因组学复习题终极版.docxVIP

From your understand, what are the main challenges in genomics that we will confront with in the future?1.1 To characterize the structures and functions of human genome1.2 Better understanding the knowledge of heritable genetic variations in human genome1.3 Apply new knowledge of gene and metabolic pathway to develop new effecive methods for human disease treatment1.4 To explain the mechanism of evolution and variation among different species1.5 To clone and characterize the key functional genes in crop1.6 Using genomics tools to increase the crop yield and resolve the food crisis in the worldWhat are the advantages of DNA as the genetic material？2.1. DNA contains a large amount of information.2.2. Complementary base pairs ensure accurate replication.2.3. High stability in waterHow dose DNA function advantage over RNA?Both can serve as genetic material; many viruses use RNA astheir genetic material. DNA probably evolved as the geneticmaterial for cells so that RNA could be used as messengerRNA which carries the information for protein synthesis tothe ribosomes. The mRNA ismetabolically unstable becauseit is rapidly broken down by RNAse. DNA must be stable soRNA had to evolve to fulfill this function.Both DNA and RNA have the same coding capacity. Theyboth are polymers with similar potential length. DNA thatcommonly exists in all living organisms but is not reallycommon with RNA. Some viruses are exceptional becausethey exist with a single strand of DNA or with a doublestrand of RNA.The most important by far is that DNA is typicallydouble stranded. This has a number of advantages,the most immediate being when one strand breaksthe entire molecule does not fall apartif an error is made in one strand on one base theother strand is still there in its original order to helpmaintain the original sequence on the oppositestrand when a correction enzyme comes along toclip out the mismatchShort descriptions the two important experiments which proved that genes are made of DNA