研究生精读[下册]Background of Euthanasia.pptVIP

Background of Euthanasia Definition of Euthanasia The word is of Greek origin and literally means “a good death”. Now it means “the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit”. The key word here is intentional. If death is not intended, it is not an act of euthanasia.  The distinction between active and passive euthanasia Passive euthanasia: Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water . Active euthanasia: Intentionally causing a persons death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection. Controversies over Euthanasia There are many controversies over the euthanasia both legally and morally.It may be summed up as two points mainly. (1)Should we employ euthanasia to the patient who has incurable disease ?(Should euthanasia be legalized?) Reasons for Euthanasia: ●Unbearable pain ●Right to die with dignity ●People should not be forced to stay alive Oppose to Euthanasia: ●Euthanasia is criminal offense because it involves the killing of person ●With the development of medical science, the disease which is incurable for the time being maybe become curable in the near future (2)Active or passive euthanasia, Which one is more humane to the patient? Passive euthanasia is acceptable but active euthanasia is not permissible ●Killing someone is morally worse than letting someone die Active euthanasia is preferable to passive euthanasia ● If the doctor’s decision(let patient die )is right, the method used in itself is not important In which country euthanasia is legal? Holland is the first country that legalized euthanasia. Belgium also legalized euthanasia in 2002. American Oregon state and Switzerland only permit passive Euthanasia. Down’s Syndrome 1886年英国医师道恩（J．Langdon－Down）最初记载的一种疾病。以前称为蒙古人症（mongolism）或蒙古人样白痴（mongolian idiocy）。患者精神不全，由于短头，后头部扁平，眼内角有赘皱、斜吊向上的眼裂，两眼距离较宽，鼻梁低矮，呈现特异的相貌。1959年勒琼（J．Lejeune）等发