交通工程专业英语翻译The_Evolution_of_Transport.doc

The Evolution of Transport 交通运输业的发展 The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．交通运输的发展一直与的人类发展的整个地球的历史密切联系在一起。 Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．运输的早期功能是为了满足食物供给和搬运建筑材料的基本需求。 But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. 但是随着部落的产生甚至最后国家的形成，运输在社会和经济起到的功能越来越复杂。 At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．起初有需要调动个人，家族，家庭和动物以保护他们来反抗并逃避自然灾害和部族侵略的危险，从而寻找最好的地方定居。 As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．随着种族部落的形成和地理界线的逐步确定，开发新区域、开采新资源、发展社区间的贸易以及捍卫领地，这些都日益需要交通的发展。 When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．当第一个国家应运而生,在建立全国的完整性方面,交通运输扮演着重要角色。 After basic societal needs had generally been attended to，local communities could increasingly devote their efforts to enhancing their economic，cultural，and technological development through trade links with other peoples and regions．基本的社会需求一般都得到满足后，当地社区可以越来越多地贡献自己的努力，用来加强他们的经济，文化和科技发展，通过贸易来联系其他国家的人民。 Again，transport provided the mobility required for such intertribal, international，and finally intercontinental cultural exchange and trade．而且交通提供了诸如部落间、国际间乃至于洲际间便利的贸易和文化交流。 During all of this gradual development toward an organized human society，represented today through the international family of nations，transport as physical process of moving people and goods，thus promoting such development，continuously underwent technological and organizational c