纳米技术（修改）.docVIP

Nanotechnology（纳米技术） 1 Imagine a world where microscopic medical implants patrol our arteries, diagnosing ailments and fighting disease; where military battle-suits deflect explosions; where computer chips are no bigger than specks of dust; and where clouds of miniature space probes transmit data from the atmospheres of Mars or Titan. 试想一下这样的世界：在这里，微型医疗植入器在我们的动脉中巡逻，识别微恙，治疗疾病；在这里，军用战服可以引偏爆炸；在这里，计算机芯片只不过如灰尘般大小；在这里，云雾状分布的小型（不载人）航天探测器可以从火星或泰坦的大气层中传送数据。很多人预言了未来的纳米技术的应用，但究竟什么是纳米？为什么人们对这项新兴技术争论不休？纳米技术是在分子和原子的量度上（发展起来的）科学与工程技术。它是对小得不能再小的材料和的操作与使用。 This is the scale at which the basic functions of biological world operate-and materials of this size display unusual physical and chemical properties. These profoundly different properties are due to an increase in surface area compared to volume as particles get smaller – and also the grip of weird quantum effects at the atomic scale. 纳米级别处于生物界基本作用运行的规模，处于这种级别的材料展示出非同寻常的物理和化学特性。这些极大不同的特性要归因于随着微粒的减小，表面积相对体积增大以及掌握了量子在原子层次方面的奇异作用。 6 If 1 nanometre was roughly the width of a pinhead, then 1 metre on this scale would stretch the entire distance from Washington, DC to Atlanta-around 1000 kilometres.But a pinhead is actually one million nanometers wide. Most atoms are 0.1 to 0.2 nm wide, strands of DNA around 2 nm wide, red blood cells are around 7000 nm in diameter ,while human hairs are typically 80,000 nm across. 如果一个针头的宽度大约等于一纳米，那么这样计算，一米就相当于横贯从华盛顿特区到亚特兰大的全部距离，大约有1000公里那么长。但事实上，一个针头的宽度大约是100万纳米，大多数的原子的直径在0.1到0.2 纳米之间，一束DNA分子大约2纳米宽，血红细胞的直径大约是7000纳米，人类头发的直径通常有8万纳米宽。 7 Unwittingly, people have made use of some unusual properties of materials at the nanoscale for centuries. Tiny particles of gold for example, can appear red or green-a property that has been used to color stained glass windows for over 1000 years.( 几个世纪以来，人们在不经意间已经利用材料在纳米级方面的非同寻常的特性了.比如说黄金的微粒,它具有显示红色和绿色的特性,这项技术可用来给彩色玻璃窗着色,这已经有一千多年的历史了.) 8 Nanotechnology is found elsewhere today in products ranging from nanometer-thick films on “self-cleaning” windows to pigments in su