美国银行监管.pptVIP

美国银行业的监管 银行业结构 存款机构(depository institutions)简称为银行（bank），包括： 规模较大的商业银行(commercial banks) 规模较小的储蓄机构(thrift institutions) savings and loan associations (SLs) savings banks credit unions Commercial Bank A financial institution that provides services, such as accepting deposits, giving business loans and auto loans, mortgage lending, and basic investment products like savings accounts and certificates of deposit. The traditional commercial bank is a brick and mortar institution with tellers, safe deposit boxes, vaults and ATMs. However, some commercial banks do not have any physical branches and require consumers to complete all transactions by phone or Internet. In exchange, they generally pay higher interest rates on investments and deposits, and charge lower fees. SLs A savings and loan association (or SL), also known as a thrift, is a financial institution that specializes in accepting savings deposits and making mortgage and other loans. They are often mutually held (often called mutual savings banks), meaning that the depositors and borrowers are members with voting rights, and have the ability to direct the financial and managerial goals of the organization SLs By law, thrifts must have at least 65 percent of their lending in mortgages and other consumer loans — making them particularly vulnerable to housing downturns such as the deep one the U.S. has experienced since 2007. During the Savings and Loan Crisis, from 1986 to 1995, the number of federally insured savings and loans in the United States declined from 3,234 to 1,645.This was primarily, but not exclusively, due to unsound real estate Savings bank A savings bank is a financial institution whose primary purpose is accepting savings deposits. It may also perform some other functions. Savings banks were limited by law to only offer savings accounts and to make their income from mortgages and student loans. Savings banks could pay one-third of 1% higher interest on savings than could a commercial ba