Chapter 4 翻译方法与技巧之四--被动的翻译.pptVIP

Chapter 4 常用的翻译方法与技巧之四 ——被动概念的翻译 一、英语被动句转换成汉语主动句 ①当英语被动句的主语是无生命的名词，而且句中一般没有由介词by引导的行为主体时，这种句子常可译成汉语主动句。 ②当英语被动句中有地点状语，由介词by引导的方式状语译成主语，将介词省略，而把原主语译为宾语。 1.During the World Cup our streets were filled with football fans. 世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷。 2. Candidates are required to present themselves 15 minutes before the examination begins. 考生应于考试前15分钟进入考场。 3. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday. 有人建议会议推迟到下周一举行。 4.All metals are found not to conduct electricity equally well. 人们发现，并非所有的金属都能同样好地导电 二、英语被动句转换成汉语无主句 英语中有些被动句，常常是强调怎么做而不介意谁去做，这类句子往往译成汉语的无主句。 1.Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with. 有了钱，就会以钱谋权。 2. New source of energy must be found and this will take time. 必须找到新的能源，而这需要时间。 3.Smokers must be warned that doctors have reached the conclusion that smoking increase the possibility of lung cancer. 必须警告吸烟者，医生已得出结论，吸烟会增加患肺癌的可能性。 英语中it作形式主语的被动句型在商务、经贸等各类文体中用得非常普遍，汉译时一般按主动结构译出。例如： 不加主语的： It is reported that据报道…… It is said that 据说…… It is found that 据发现…… It may be safely said that 可以有把握地说…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that可以毫不夸张地说…… It will be seen from this that由此可见…… It must be pointed out that 必须指出…… It must be admitted that 必须承认…… 可加主语的： It is noted that 有人指出……；人们注意到…… It is well known that 众所周之…… It is asserted that 有人主张…… It is claimed that有人宣称…… 三、英语被动句转换成含“是”的汉语句 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。 2. The Statue of Liberty was presented to the U.S. in the 19th century by the people of France. 自由女神像是法国人民在19世纪送给美国的。 3. Concrete is made of cement, sand, stones and water. 混凝土是用水泥、沙子、石子和水制成的。 四、用含有被动概念的词翻译英语被动句 如：“遭……；让……；予以……；被……；给……；叫……；受到……” 1.This question must be dealt with at the appropriate time. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。 2. Most letters from home are read to him by his girlfriend. 他的家信大多是让女友读给他听的。 3.Part or all of the light may be reflected, absorbed or transmitted by the thing or object that comes into its way. 一部分的光或全部的光可能给挡住其去路的东西或物体所反射、吸收或透射。 4.Over the years, tools and technology