英语语法ppt 动词Lecture10.pptVIP

Lecture 10  Verb and Verb Phrase From this lecture on, we are going to talk about verb and verb phrases. We will begin with a classification of verbs and survey of tense（时）, aspect（体）, voice（态） and mood（式） of the verb so as to form some basic concepts. 1 Classification of verbs(Ⅰ) 1) Main verbs and auxiliaries（助动词）（classified according to its function in the verb phrase）page108 Main verbs are also called notional verbs实义动词 functioning as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase. e.g. He likes tea. He has been taking a music lesson. Auxiliaries fall into three categories : primary auxiliaries基本助动词, modal auxiliaries情态助动词 and semi-auxiliaries半助动词 基本助动词有：be, do, have （无词汇意义，起语法作用） eg. The students were praised by the principal. Do come and join us. What did she give to Halleck for his birthday? Joan has seen that movie. 情态助动词共有13个：不可并列使用 can / could, may / might will / would, shall / should must, ought to dare need used to 半助动词指兼有主动词和助动词特征的语法结构，如： I have to buy a new car. You don’t have to buy a new car. He seems to be disappointed. He didn’t seem to love her. 2) Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and linking verbs (classified according to complementation补足语)（page110） a) Transitive verbs b) Intransitive verbs c) Linking verbs 许多动词可以跨类，smell something, something smells 3) Dynamic verbs and stative verbs（page111）（classified according to words meaning) a) Dynamic verbs动态动词 b) Stative verbs静态动词 不用于进行体，否则改变意义 He is foolish. He is being foolish. Time for exercise Page 113 4) Single-word verbs and phrasal verbs(page 113) a) Verb + preposition b) Verb + adverb particle c) Verb + adverb particle + preposition 5) Finite verbs and non-finite verbs Page 116 6) Regular verbs and irregular verbs Time for exercise 119 A survey of tense, aspect, voice and mood 1) Tense and aspect（体） Tense: present; past