关于幸福的重大问题.doc

关于幸福的重大问题，关注它的定义和其可达性。 In what does happiness consist?幸福是什么组成？ Is it the same for all men, or do different men seek different things in the name of happiness?是为所有的人一样，不同的人或不寻求幸福的名称在不同的事情吗？ Can happiness be achieved on earth, or only hereafter?可以幸福的在地球上实现，或只以下？ And if the pursuit of happiness is not a futile quest, by what means or steps should it be undertaken?和对幸福的追求，如果不是徒劳的追求，通过什么手段或步骤应该进行？ On all these questions, the great books set forth the fundamental inquiries and speculations, as well as the controversies to which they have given rise, in the tradition of western thought.所有这些问题上，伟大的著作阐述的基本查询和猜测，以及他们所引起的争议，在西方思想传统。 There seems to be no question that men want happiness.似乎是毫无疑问，男人想要的幸福。 Man wishes to be happy, Pascal writes, and only wishes to be happy, and cannot wish not to be so. “人希望得到快乐，”帕斯卡写道，“和唯一的希望是幸福的，不能想并非如此。” To the question, what moves desire?这个问题，什么移动的愿望呢？ Locke thinks only one answer is possible: happiness, and that alone.洛克认为只有一个答案是可能的：“幸福，而且单独” But this fact, even if it goes undisputed, does not settle the issue whether men are right in governing their lives with a view to being or becoming happy.但这个事实，即使去无可争议的，不解决这个问题男人是否在执政或成为高兴与他们的生活的权利。 There is therefore one further question.因此，有一个进一步的问题。 Should men make happiness their goal and direct their acts accordingly?男人应该让幸福的目标和指导他们的行为呢？ According to Kant, the principle of private happiness is the direct opposite of the principle of morality.根据康德的观点，“私人幸福原则”是“直接对立的道德原则。” He understands happiness to consist in the satisfaction of all our desires: extensive, in regard to their multiplicity; intensive, in regard to their degree; protensive, in regard to their duration.他明白幸福“满意我们的愿望：在包括广泛的，关于他们的多重;密集，考虑到他们的学位; protensive在其持续时间方面，” What Kant calls the pragmatic rule of life, which aims at happiness, tells us what we have to do, if we wish to become possessed of happiness.康德所谓的“务实”的生活规则，其目的是在幸福“告诉我们什么，我们必须做的，如果我们想成为拥有幸福。” Unlike the moral law, it is a hypothetical, not a categorical, imperative.不同于道德的法律，这