英语中冠词及其用法.docVIP

冠词（Articles）及其用法 1 a和the之不同用法 a和the最大的不同，在于a后面的名词不是指定的，而the后面的名词是有所指的。我们不妨看以下的两个句子，他们都是正确的，但意义却不同。 John is a boy. John is the boy. 〝John is a boy.〞的意思是〝约翰是一个男孩〞，而〝John is the boy.〞的意思就完全不同了，我们一定曾经提到过某一个男孩子，而约翰就是那个男孩子。可能的情形是：There is a boy who is very good in mathematics. John is the boy. Please open a window.是指请开一扇窗子，随便哪一扇都可以。 Please open the window.〝the window〞一定是指某一扇特定的窗子，也许这间房子里只有一扇窗，也可能他们谈话中曾经提到某一扇窗，〝the window〞就是指那一扇窗。 我们可以再举一个例，假如我们说，〝我们需要一场大雨〞，我们说 We need a heavy rain. 如果我们说，〝这场雨好大〞，我们说 The rain is really heavy. 有了这个基本观念以后，我们就很容易了解以下句子中，为什么要用the： I am going to the train station. The post office is quite near. Where is the library? 根据这种原则，当我们提到地球，月亮这种独一无二的东西，就必须用the。 除此以外，the还有一个特殊的用途，我们可以在the的后面加一个形容词，使这两个字变成了一个名词，举例来说：the rich＝富人the poor＝穷人the weak＝弱者 the deaf＝聋人the blind＝盲人 请注意，以上的名词是复数： The rich always get richer. The poor are getting poorer. The blind are often very sensitive to sounds. 以下是一些用a和the的例子，读者应设法了解句子中为何有时用a，有时用the。 He is a student. He is the student who can swim very well. I like to be a teacher. He is the teacher who taught me English. The president of the United States in an important person in the world. I have a son and a daughter. I have two sons. This is the son who will be a doctor. I want to be a teacher who is loved by students. He is not the person whom we talked about. There is a boat in the river. This is the boat which we can use. The rain is going to stop tomorrow. We need a good rain. The weather is really bad. Is there a train station near us? Where is the station? Do you know where the post office is? There is a post office inside that building. The library looks so good. The rich should pay more taxes. We should pay more attentions to the poor. The blind can also study computer science now. The earth is round. The sun never sets in the British Empire. Do you think we can reach the moon? How large is the universe? 3 冠词使用时的例外 在以上的两节，我们好像说冠词的使用是有一定规则的，其实不然，例外也不少。在很多情形之下，冠词是要省略的，更麻烦的是，连省略冠词的规则都有例外，应该省的却又不省了。 第一个有关冠词的特殊用法是这样的，假设我们