北京地区雾霾气候特征及影响因子的分析.pdfVIP

Analysis of the Climate Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Fog/Haze in Beijing Area Weihua Cao, Qingchun Li Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089, China 北京地区雾霾气候特征及影响因子分析 曹伟华，李青春 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所，北京 100089, 中国 Abstract 摘 要 This paper analyzed the climate characteristic and influencing factors of fog and haze in 雾霾天气是一种重要的城市气象灾害。本文分 Beijing area. The results showed that the 析了北京地区雾霾天气的气候特征和影响因 variations of fog and haze days had obvious 素。研究表明，北京地区雾霾日数年际分布表 two-stage characteristics. Between 1980 and 现出显著的阶段性特点，大雾在 1980—1996 1996, fog days varied with a significant upward 年呈显著的上升趋势，在 1997—2010 年呈显 trend, while between 1997 and 2010 were with 著的下降趋势，而霾在两个阶段均表现出下降 significant downtrend. Haze days decreased in 趋势，并且 1997 年后的平均水平要明显高于 each of the two stages, but after 1997, the 1996 年之前水平；从雾霾的月际分布来看， average haze days were still higher than that 雾日的月分布不均，主要集中于 10—12 月份， before 1996. Besides, monthly fog days changed 而霾日的月分布均匀，各月霾日差异较小；从 significantly, highest from October to December, 雾霾的空间分布来看，雾霾天气在北京东南及 but monthly haze days were relatively uniform. 城区发生频率最高、强度最大，在北京西北部 From the view of spatial distribution, fog and 雾霾发生频率最低、强度最小。2009 年 11 月 haze had serious influence to the southeast of 3—8 日的一次持续性雾霾天气过程具有显著 Beijing area, but had the least influence on the 阶段性特征，在过程开始的霾天气阶段，PM2.5 northwest. A case of a sustained fog and haze 浓度增加是影响雾霾能见度降低的主要因素； from November 3 to 8 2009 was examined for a 在过程发展成熟的大雾天气阶段，相对湿度增 detailed analysis of the influencing factors. The 大是导致能见度下降的主要因素；最后雾霾的 increase of PM2.