详解Unit 1Game Theory.pptVIP

Unit 1Game Theory Text A 1.Game theory: It is the mathematical analysis of any situation involving a conflict of interest, with the intent of indicating the optimal choices that, under given conditions will lead to a desired outcome.博弈论，对策论，是研究具有斗争或竞争性质现象的数学理论和方法，也是运筹学的一个重要学科。 Unit 1Game Theory 2.cryptography密码使用法, 密码系统 密码术/学:crypto秘密，隐藏； crypt土窖, 地下室, 地穴 cryptogram密码 decrypt译(电文),解密, 解释明白 encrypt[计] 加密,将...译成密码 Unit 1Game Theory graphy写，图，描述，记录，刻画 biography传记(bio-生命) autograph亲笔;autography亲笔, 笔迹, 石版印刷术(auto自己,自动) photograph照片;photography摄影, 摄影术 telegraph 电报； telegraphy电信技术 Unit 1Game Theory 3.zero-sum games(Para.1): A situation in which a gain by one person or one side must be matched by a loss by another person or side. A game is said to a zero-sum game if the total amount of payoffs付清,赢利 at the end of the game is zero. Thus, in a zero-sum game the total amount won is exactly equal to the amount lost.零和博弈/非合作博弈。一人或一方得益必然引起另一人或一方损失的局面。 Unit 1Game Theory 4.purposive(Para.3):on purpose, intentional; determined 有目的的, 故意的，有决心的 Unit 1Game Theory 5.I think that he thinks that I think…我想他认为我会这样考虑… Unit 1Game Theory 6. to square the circle: to attempt sth. Impossible: He wants to be a doctor, but in his circumstance, it would be squaring the circle. Unit 1Game Theory 7.Nash equilibrium(Para.8):named after John Nash, is a set of strategies or actions which are dominant or best for each player in the game, regardless of the action taken by any other player.纳什均衡/非合作博弈均衡。在博弈过程中，无论对方的策略如何选择，当事人一方都会选择某个确定的策略，则该策略被称之为支配性策略/优策略。如果两个博弈的当事人的策略组合分别构成各自的支配性策略，那么这个组合就被称之为纳什均衡。（每个博弈者都是为了达到自己期望收益的最大值。） Unit 1Game Theory 8.prisoners’ dilemma (Para. 10)囚徒困境：In game theory, the prisoner’s dilemma is a type of non-zero-sum in which two players can cooperate with or defect (betray) the other player. In this game, as in all game theory, the only concern of each individual player (prisoner) is maximizing his/her own payoff. In the classic form of this game, cooperating is strictly d