第一章 植物细胞的亚显微结构与功能.pdf

第一章 植物细胞的亚显微结构与功能 机体的组织The Body’s Organization Each level represents a different compartment 生物体Organism 器官Organs 组织系统Tissue Systems 组织Tissues 细胞Cells 细胞器 Organelles What is a Cell? What is a Cell? • 构成生命体的最小单位 1. 可再生Reproduction 2. 应激Response to stimuli 3. 代谢Metabolism 4. 移动Movement 5. 适应环境Adaptation to the environment Major Multicellular Organisms 700-500 mya Evolutionary Events in the Eukaryotic Cells 1.7 bya Origin of Life First Cells Prokaryotes “the animation of matter” 3.5 bya Primordial Soup Domains: Eubacteria真细菌 Archaea古细菌 Eukarya真核生物 Kingdoms: Animal动物 Fungi真菌 Archaebacteria Plant植物 Protist原生生物 Eubacteria Common ancestor 两类细胞There are Two Groups of Cells • 细菌细胞(原核细胞) Bacterial Cells (Prokaryotic cells) – The first cell to have evolved – Relatively small and less complex than the… • 真核细胞：Eukaryotic Cells – On average 100X larger than a bacterial cell – Contains organelles: internally more complex The Bacterial Cell Cyanobacteria The Cyanobacteria （蓝细菌）are capable of photosynthesis. It is believed that they are responsible for the first oxygen levels in the early atmo