unit6被动与主动英汉对比与翻译.pptVIP

Unit 6 被动与主动 Passive vs. Active 教学目标： （一）、认识英语句式的被动倾向 （二）、认识汉语句式的主动倾向 教学内容： （一）、英语惯用被动句的原因 （二）、汉语限用被动句（多用主动式）的原因 （三）、汉语主动式的的表达形式 （四）、英汉互译中的语态转换（翻译练习） 重点难点： （一）、重点：英语被动式与汉语主动式形成的原因 （二）、难点：掌握英汉语语态转换的方法和技巧 （一）、英语惯用被动句的原因 一、施事的原因。人们表达思想的时候，通常使用主动句。但当主动句的施事(agent) 由于以下的原因而不需要或不可能指明时，英语往往采用被动句： 1. 施事未知而难以言明，如： a. The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged. 凶手已于昨天被捕，据说他将会被绞死。 b. New factories are being built all over the country. 全国到处在兴建工厂。 2. 施事从上下文中可以不言自明，如： a. Your suggestion has been duly noted. 你的建议已得到及时关注。 b. She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不许她向女主人申诉。 3. 施事不如受事重要，或受事需要强调，如： His only son was run over by a car. 她的独子被汽车轧了。 有时为了隐去含糊的人称主语（vague pronoun subject），也用被动句： At the tea party they served only tea and cake. At the tea party only tea and cake were served. 茶会上只供应茶和饼。 4. 由于特殊原因而不需指明施事，如为了使叙述显得圆通、得体，或为了表达某种微妙的情绪（tact or delicacy of sentiment），如： Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有些人在此讲了不该讲的话。 You are cordially invited to join in the celebrations of the May Day Festival on Sunday, May 1st, at 10:00 a.m., at Zhongshan Park. 五月一日（星期日）上午10点在中山公园举行“五一劳动节”庆祝活动，敬请光临。（出于礼貌、得体） 二、句法的要求。英语重形合，注重句法结构和表达形式。当主动式不便于表达时，出于造句的需要或修辞的考虑，往往采用被动式： 1. 为了使句子承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接。 a. Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate them into long, thin strings, called fibres, and these fibres can be make into cloth. 有几种塑料可以压入机器并分离成细长的纤维，这种纤维可以用来织布。 b. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在台上，观众热烈鼓掌欢迎。 c. Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. 语言受制于思想，又影响思想。 2. 为了使句子平衡，保持末端中心（end focus）和末端重量（end weight），以符合主语简短、谓语复杂的表达习惯。 a. I was astounded that he was prepared to give me a job. 他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 b. It is universally acknowledged that a single man of a good fortune must be in w