density-dependent effects of amphibian prey on the growth and survival of an endangered giant water bug密度制约的两栖动物捕食的生长和存活的影响一个濒临灭绝的巨型水蝽.pdfVIP

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density-dependent effects of amphibian prey on the growth and survival of an endangered giant water bug密度制约的两栖动物捕食的生长和存活的影响一个濒临灭绝的巨型水蝽.pdf

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density-dependent effects of amphibian prey on the growth and survival of an endangered giant water bug密度制约的两栖动物捕食的生长和存活的影响一个濒临灭绝的巨型水蝽

Insects 2011, 2, 435-446; doi:10.3390/insects2040435 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 /journal/insects/ Communication Density-Dependent Effects of Amphibian Prey on the Growth and Survival of an Endangered Giant Water Bug Shin-ya Ohba Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu 520-2113, Japan; E-Mail: oobug@ Received: 7 September 2011; in revised form: 15 September 2011 / Accepted: 27 September 2011 / Published: 30 September 2011 Abstract: Amphibian predator–insect prey relationships are common in terrestrial habitats, but amphibian larvae are preyed upon by a variety of aquatic hemipterans in aquatic habitats. This paper suggests that the survival of the nymphs of the endangered aquatic hemipteran Kirkaldyia (=Lethocerus) deyrolli (Belostomatidae: Heteroptera) is directly and indirectly affected by the abundance of their amphibian larval prey (tadpoles). Young nymphs of K. deyrolli mainly feed on tadpoles, regardless of differences in prey availability. Nymphs provided with tadpoles grow faster than nymphs provided with invertebrate prey. Therefore, tadpole consumption seems to be required to allow the nymphs to complete their larval development. In addition, the survival of K. deyrolli nymphs was greater during the period of highest tadpole density (June) than during a period of low tadpole density (July). Higher tadpole density moderates predation pressure