cylindrospermopsin a decade of progress on bioaccumulation researchcylindrospermopsin长达十年的生物体内积累的研究进展.pdfVIP

Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 542-564; doi:10.3390/md8030542 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Review Cylindrospermopsin: A Decade of Progress on Bioaccumulation Research Susan Kinnear Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity Australia, Building 7, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia; E-Mail: s.kinnear@.au; Tel.: +61-(0)7 4930 3996; Fax: +61-(0)7 4930 9156 Received: 9 February 2010; in revised form: 3 March 2010 / Accepted: 8 March 2010 / Published: 9 March 2010 Abstract: Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is rapidly being recognised as one of the most globally important of the freshwater algal toxins. The ever-expanding distribution of CYN producers into temperate zones is heightening concern that this toxin will represent serious human, as well as environmental, health risks across many countries. Since 1999, a number of studies have demonstrated the ability for CYN to bioaccumulate in freshwater organisms. This paper synthesizes the most current information on CYN accumulation, including notes on the global distribution of CYN producers, and a précis of CYN’s ecological and human effects. Studies on the bioaccumulation of CYN are systematically reviewed, together with an analysis of patterns of accumulation. A discussion on the factors influencing bioaccumulation rates and potential is also provided, along with notes on detection, monitoring and risk assessme