culture and hybridization experiments on an ulva clade including the qingdao strain blooming in the yellow sea文化和杂交实验在一个石莼进化枝盛开在黄海包括青岛压力.pdfVIP

Culture and Hybridization Experiments on an Ulva Clade Including the Qingdao Strain Blooming in the Yellow Sea 1 2 3 4 5 Masanori Hiraoka *, Kensuke Ichihara , Wenrong Zhu , Jiahai Ma , Satoshi Shimada 1 Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Usa, Tosa, Kochi, Japan, 2 Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 3 Xianshan Xuwen Seaweed Development Co., Ltd., Jiangdong, Ningbo, China, 4 Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China, 5 Division of the Natural/Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Abstract In the summer of 2008, immediately prior to the Beijing Olympics, a massive green tide of the genus Ulva covered the Qingdao coast of the Yellow Sea in China. Based on molecular analyses using the nuclear encoded rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the Qingdao strains dominating the green tide were reported to be included in a single phylogenetic clade, currently regarded as a single species. On the other hand, our detailed phylogenetic analyses of the clade, using a higher resolution DNA marker, suggested that two genetically separate entities could be included within the clade. However, speciation within the Ulva clade has not yet been examined. We examined the occurrence of an intricate speciation within the clade, including the Qingdao strains, via combined studies of culture, hybridization and phylogenetic analysis. The two entities separated by our phylogenetic analyses of the clade were simply distinguished as U. linza and U. prolifera morphologically by the absence or presence of branches in cultured thal