有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站combining nitrous oxide with carbon dioxide decreases the time to loss of consciousness during euthanasia in mice — refinement of animal welfare结合一氧化二氮和二氧化碳减少时间意识丧失在小鼠安乐死u2014u2014完善的动物福利.pdfVIP
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combining nitrous oxide with carbon dioxide decreases the time to loss of consciousness during euthanasia in mice — refinement of animal welfare结合一氧化二氮和二氧化碳减少时间意识丧失在小鼠安乐死u2014u2014完善的动物福利
Combining Nitrous Oxide with Carbon Dioxide Decreases the Time to Loss of Consciousness during Euthanasia in Mice — Refinement of Animal Welfare? 1 1 2 Aurelie A. Thomas *, Paul A. Flecknell , Huw D. R. Golledge 1 Comparative Biology Centre, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO ) is the most commonly used euthanasia agent for rodents despite potentially causing pain and 2 distress. Nitrous oxide is used in man to speed induction of anaesthesia with volatile anaesthetics, via a mechanism referred to as the ‘‘second gas’’ effect. We therefore evaluated the addition of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) to a rising CO2 concentration could be used as a welfare refinement of the euthanasia process in mice, by shortening the duration of conscious exposure to CO2. Firstly, to assess the effect of N2O on the induction of anaesthesia in mice, 12 female C57Bl/6 mice were anaesthetized in a crossover protocol with the following combinations: Isoflurane (5%)+O (95%); Isoflurane (5%)+N O 2 2 (75%)+O (25%) and N O (75%)+O (25%) with a total flow rate of 3l/min (into a 7l induction chamber). The addition of N O 2 2 2 2 to isoflurane reduced the time to loss of the righting reflex by 17.6%. Secondly, 18 C57Bl/6 and
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