strong, long-term temporal dynamics of an ecological network强大的、长期的时间动态的生态网络.pdfVIP

Strong, Long-Term Temporal Dynamics of an Ecological Network 1 ´ 2 3 Jens M. Olesen *, Constantı Stefanescu , Anna Traveset ` 1 Institute of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 2 The Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, Museu Granollers-Cie ncies Naturals, Barcelona, Spain, 3 Institut ´ Mediterrani d’Estudis Avanc¸ats (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas-Universitat de les Illes Balears), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain Abstract Nature is organized into complex, dynamical networks of species and their interactions, which may influence diversity and stability. However, network research is, generally, short-term and depict ecological networks as static structures only, devoid of any dynamics. This hampers our understanding of how nature responds to larger disturbances such as changes in climate. In order to remedy this we studied the long-term (12-yrs) dynamics of a flower-visitation network, consisting of flower-visiting butterflies and their nectar plants. Global network properties, i.e. numbers of species and links, as well as connectance, were temporally stable, whereas most species and links showed a strong temporal dynamics. However, species of butterflies and plants varied bimodally in their temporal persistance: Sporadic species, being present only 1–2(-5) years, and stable species, being present (9-)11–12 years, dominated the networks. Temporal persistence and linkage level of species, i.e. number of links to other specie