嗜热微生物研究进展应用.docVIP

嗜热微生物的研究进展及应用 宜春学院 化学与生物工程学院 03生物教育 张志刚 指导老师：姜琼 摘要 嗜热微生物是一类最适生长温度高于45(C的微生物，嗜热酶是从嗜热微生物中分离得到的一类热稳定性酶，由于嗜热酶分子内部有很多氢键、二硫键及紧密而有韧性的空间结构的存在，所以嗜热酶在高温条件下具有很强的稳定性，高温反应活性，以及对有机溶剂、去污剂和变性剂的较强抗性，嗜热酶在许多方面都有广泛的应用。当前获得嗜热酶的方法主要有：直接从嗜热微生物中提取、利用基因工程技术在中温宿主中表达和利用定向分子进化技术筛选。目前酶的纯化主要采用层析法、高效液相色谱法和电泳法等方法。由于环境恶化,能源危机,全球变暖等原因, 嗜热酶的开发和应用将出现更加诱人的前景。 关键词 嗜热微生物；嗜热酶；嗜热机制；应用 Thermophilic microorganism research progress and application Zhang Zhigang College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering (Biology education), YiChun University Advisor: Jiang Qiong Abstract Thermophilic microorganisms is a type of microorganisms that the most suitable growth temperature is above 45(C,the thermophilic enzyme is a type of a thermostable enzyme separated from the thermophilic microorganism, because there is a lot of hydrogen keys and two-sulphur keys in the thermophilic enzyme molecule, so the thermophilic enzyme have a very strong stability in the hot condition, as well as there is a stronger fastness to organic solvent、 eradicator and denaturant,the thermophilic enzyme have an extensive application in many fields.The method which obtained the thermophilic enzyme includes three kinds at present: distilled directly from the thermophilic microorganism, expressed in the mild host making use of a genetic engineering technique and sieved with the directional molecule evolution technique. At present the enzyme purification methods are:chromatography、HPLC and electrophoresis. Due to the cause of worsening environment, energy crisis,warmer weather, the development and application of the thermophilic enzyme will appear more captivating foreground. Keywords Thermophilic microorganisms; Thermophilic enzyme; Thermophilic mechanism; Application 最适生长温度高于45(C的微生物称为嗜热微生物，是在高温环境下生存的一类微生物，它们有其自己的适应机制和特定的新陈代谢能力，具有独特的基因类型、特殊的生理机制及代谢产物，是地球上的边缘生命形式。嗜热酶是从嗜热微生物中分离得到的一类热稳定性酶，具有化学催化剂无法比拟的优点，尤其是在高温条件下保持极好的稳定性，使很多高温化学反应得以实现从而将极大的促进生物技术产业的发展。近年来，人们已从嗜热微生物中分离得到多种嗜热酶。今后，还应继续在嗜热酶的结构与功能、应用等方面作深入而全面的研究。本文主要对嗜热酶的研究进展及应用