关于写作1.pptVIP

Writing in English 方贞 二、关于写段 段落是将若干个相关的句子组织起来，表达一个中心思想或主题。段落的发展有多种方式，主要取决于段落内容和作者意图。但无论采用何种方式，段落的写作必须做到统一性和连贯性。 A、段落统一性 段落中一切相关联的句子与主题句有明确的联系。主题句是整个段落主题思想。其他每个句子都围绕着这个主题展开。首先要确立整个段落中心含义的主题句，然后围绕主题句采用排列结构或连锁结构。 （1）主题句的要求：用词具有主导性和概括性，句子不宜过长，结构不复杂。可位于句首，句中或句尾。还可以采用暗含的主题句。例如： The hut is about sixty feet long and forty feet wide. It is divided into two sections, the kitchen and the bedroom. In the kitchen, you’ll see the sink on one side with a few dishes and pots lying int. on the other side, there is a small old table with the wooden chairs around it. A light is hanging down from the kitchen ceiling. In the bedroom section, there are two beds with green covers on them. One picture in the bed-room shows a big house on a farm, the house where the family once lived before they were driven from their land 暗含主题句： The hut is small house with two rooms and simple furniture. （2） 采用排列结构获得统一性 采用一系列排列句式结构，所有表达的内容应与主题一致。 Plants , like all living things, need air, water and sunlight. They do not grow well when they are close together. They need room to spread their roots to get water and to spread their leaves to get sunlight. But air, water and sunlight are not enough. They also need a certain amount of warmth. They will grow almost anywhere there is plenty of air, water, sunlight and warmth 以they 开头的四个句子围绕着植物生长的先决条件air water sunlight 而展开，每个句子与主题句思想紧密相连。 （3）采用连锁结构获得统一性 example: There are more than thirty---- three million investors in the United States today. Most of them are losers. Not only do they lose their money; they lose their self-confidence, their security, and the chance they had at one time to use their money to make a killing in the market. Yet the fact is that to get the money needed to invest in the market, most of those people had to be fairly successful in their chosen career. As doctors or lawyers, for example, many of them had demonstrated an ability to think clearly, to make plans for the future,