有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站a carnivorous plant fed by its ant symbiont a unique multi-faceted nutritional mutualism食虫植物美联储的蚂蚁共生者独特的多方面的营养互利共生.pdfVIP
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a carnivorous plant fed by its ant symbiont a unique multi-faceted nutritional mutualism食虫植物美联储的蚂蚁共生者独特的多方面的营养互利共生
A Carnivorous Plant Fed by Its Ant Symbiont: A Unique
Multi-Faceted Nutritional Mutualism
1 4 ´ 1,2 5 1,3
Vincent Bazile *, Jonathan A. Moran , Gilles Le Moguedec , David J. Marshall , Laurence Gaume
´
1 Universite Montpellier II, UMR AMAP: Botanique et bioinformatique de l’architecture des plantes, Montpellier, France, 2 INRA, UMR AMAP: Botanique et bioinformatique
de l’architecture des plantes, Montpellier, France, 3 CNRS, UMR AMAP: Botanique et bioinformatique de l’architecture des plantes, Montpellier, France, 4 School of
Environment and Sustainability, Royal Roads University, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 5 Biology Department, University of Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
Darussalam
Abstract
Scarcity of essential nutrients has led plants to evolve alternative nutritional strategies, such as myrmecotrophy (ant-waste-
derived nutrition) and carnivory (invertebrate predation). The carnivorous plant Nepenthes bicalcarata grows in the Bornean
peatswamp forests and is believed to have a mutualistic relationship with its symbiotic ant Camponotus schmitzi. However,
the benefits provided by the ant have not been quantified. We tested the hypothesis of a nutritional mutualism, using foliar
isotopic and reflectance analyses and by comparing fitness-related traits between ant-inhabited and uninhabited plants.
Plants inhabited by C. schmitzi produced more leaves of greater area and nitrogen content than unoccupied plants. The ants
were estimated to provide a 200% increase in foliar nitrogen to adult plants. Inhabited plants also produced more and larger
pitchers containing higher prey biomass. C. schmitzi-occupied pitchers differed qualitatively in containing C. sch
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