西医外科(大题)（Western medicine surgery (big problem)）.docVIP

西医外科(大题)（Western medicine surgery (big problem)） A short answer, Identification of 1. direct and indirect hernia Direct / indirect inguinal hernia [] the age of onset is more common in children and young adults / common in elderly [outstanding] way via the inguinal canal into the scrotum is prominent, / / Hesselbachs triangle is prominent, not into the scrotum [block] hernia shape oval or pear shaped, a stalk like pedicle upper hemispherical basal / / wide. [hernia block on ring deep] hernia piece is no longer outstanding / still outstanding hernia block [] the relationship between spermatic cord and the hernia sac in spermatic hernia sac in the rear / spermatic cord before foreign [inside] between the hernia neck and the inferior epigastric artery and carotid artery in the abdominal wall hernia under lateral / hernia neck in inferior epigastric artery [] more / less chance of incarceration 2. symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism, indications of operation, contraindications of operation and main complications of operation (1): high metabolic syndrome symptoms, goiter, exophthalmos, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. (2) indications for surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism (1) moderate or above primary hyperthyroidism; Secondary hyperthyroidism (after enlargement or hyperfunction) or high functioning thyroid adenoma; Those with symptoms of oppression; After the treatment of antithyroid drugs or I131, it is not suitable for the patients who have relapsed or not treated with it; Chest goiter and hyperthyroidism; The first and second trimester and in accordance with the above indications. (3) surgical contraindication; Adolescent patients; Hyperthyroidism with mild symptoms; Elderly patients or those with severe organic diseases can not tolerate surgery; The height of exophthalmos; Postoperative recurrent hyperthyroidism. (4) major complications of thyroid surgery: Postoperative dyspnea and asphyxia (the most critical complication after operation) are mainly c