Communicating Across Cultures - California State University 跨文化交流-加利福尼亚州立大学.ppt

Communicating Across Cultures Chapter 4 Communicating Across Cultures The communication process The culture-communication link Information technology ?going global and acting local Managing cross-cultural communication What is Communication? Communication describes the process of sharing meaning by transmitting messages through media such as words, behavior, or material artifacts. How Do Cultural Factors Pervade the Communication Process? 揅ulture not only dictates who talks with whom, and how the communication proceeds, it also helps to determine how people encode messages, the meanings they have for messages, and the conditions and circumstances under which various messages may or may not be sent, noticed, or interpreted. In fact, our entire repertory of communicative behaviors is dependent largely on the culture in which we have been raised. Culture, consequently, is the foundation of communication. And, when cultures vary, communication practices also vary.? Samovar, Porter, and Jain The Communication Process(Exhibit 4-1) Sender Meaning Encode Medium Message Receiver Decode Meaning Noise Culture Feedback Terms in Communication Intercultural communication is when a member of one culture sends a message to a member of another culture. Attribution is the process in which people look for the explanation of another person抯 behavior. Guidelines for Creating Trust(as suggested by John Child) Create a clear and calculated basis for mutual benefit. There must be realistic commitments and good intentions to honor them. Improve predictability: strive to resolve conflicts and keep communication open. Develop mutual bonding through regular socializing and friendly contact. Cultural Variables Affecting Communication Attitudes: attitudes underlie the way we behave and communicate and the way we interpret messages from other people. Ethnocentric attitudes are a particular source of noise in cross-cultural communication. Social Organization: our