考研病理学笔记4（Pathology notes 4）.docVIP

考研病理学笔记4（Pathology notes 4） The eighth chapter is digestive system disease Section 1 chronic gastritis (chronic, gastritis) Chronic superficial gastritis (chronic, superficial, gastritis): The gross lesions: mucosal congestion, edema, dark red, the surface of white or grayish yellow secretions, petechial hemorrhage or erosion; microscopically, inflammatory lesions were located in the superficial layer of mucosa, and lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and superficial mucosal edema, epithelial punctate hemorrhage and necrosis. Two, chronic atrophic gastritis (chronic, atrophic, gastritis): (1) etiology and classification: 1 and A: the pathogenesis is closely related to the immune factors, and the lesions are in the body of the stomach. Type 2 and B: the onset is independent of autoimmunity. The cause may be related to smoking, alcohol abuse, or the use of salicylic acid drugs such as APC. The lesion is located in the gastric antrum. (two) pathological changes: 1. The naked eye: the mucous membrane of the stomach is thin and smooth, the folds become shallow, and some almost disappear. The mucosal surface is finely granular. 2 、 gastroscopy: (1) the orange color of the normal gastric mucosa disappeared and replaced by gray; (2) the atrophic gastric mucosa is obviously thinned, and the boundary of the normal gastric mucosa is obvious; (3) the branches of submucosal vessels in atrophy area are clearly visible. 3. Under microscope: (1) glandular epithelial atrophy, gland smaller and cystic expansion, often epithelial metaplasia (pyloric metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia). (2) infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells at different levels in the lamina propria. Three, hypertrophic gastritis: pathological characteristics, mucosa hypertrophy, fold deepened broaden gyriform like. Microscopically, the glands are enlarged and glandular ducts are prolonged. Inflammatory cell infiltration was not significant in the mucous lamina propria. Four, Verrucous Gastritis: lesion