第十七章 内分泌疾病（The seventeenth chapter endocrine diseases）.docVIP

第十七章 内分泌疾病（The seventeenth chapter endocrine diseases） The seventeenth chapter endocrine diseases The first section is an overview Endocrinology is the study of hormones and related substances that relate to life and regulate biomedicine. The human understanding is a long history of Endocrinology, along with the rapid development of modern medical research, the endocrine system and the nervous system, the immune system is more closely linked, constitute the neuroendocrine immune network, the whole function of biological regulation in order to maintain stability, metabolism, organ function and coordination, promote human growth, sexual maturation and reproduction the process of life. The study of endocrine hormones and related substances has penetrated into the level of molecular biology. With the discovery of new hormones, the related concepts have changed greatly, which has promoted the rapid development of endocrinology. The traditional idea is that endocrine hormone (hormone) is produced by endocrine organs, release human blood circulation, transport to target organs or tissues play a certain effect of trace chemicals. These substances actually act as chemical messengers. In addition to classical hormones, important chemical messengers such as cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, etc can be incorporated into the category of generalized hormones. In fact, the generalized hormone is synthesized by a series of highly differentiated endocrine cells and the secretion of the chemical messenger, is a kind of endogenous molecules involved in the cell and contact information and regulatory molecules, cells into the blood or transfer information. Most endocrine cells form classic endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland and gonad, which together form the traditional endocrine system. In addition, some non classical endocrine organs (such as cardiovascular, liver, gastrointestinal, skin