第二十七 尿液检查（Twenty-seventh urine test）.docVIP

第二十七 尿液检查（Twenty-seventh urine test） Overview of kidney diseases: Kidney diseases, is an important part of the system diseases in the past, often do not pay attention to, that is a small professional, but in recent years, the development of kidney disease and major progresses by leaps and bounds, and cardiovascular disease, rheumatic disease and other professional mutual penetration, cross, relates to the field more and more widely, therefore, over the years the examination, examination of Nephrology proportion is not low. Examination contents of Nephrology 1. urine test 2. glomerular disease 3. urinary system infection 4. renal insufficiency Highlights: glomerular diseases, renal insufficiency Questions in the past year: The main urine tests associated with kidney disease: hematuria, proteinuria, and tubular urine. In fact, other items in the urine routine are also important, such as pH and urine gravity. Review points: Hematuria: true hematuria, pseudo hematuria Glomerular hematuria and non glomerular hematuria Common causes of hematuria I. hematuria (1) definition of hematuria: Hematuria refers to the discharge of large amounts of red blood cells in urine, that is, fresh morning urine, after centrifugation, every high magnification field of vision, more than 3 red cells. 1. microscopic hematuria: the number of red cells in the urine reaches the above standard, but the color is still normal. 2. gross hematuria: when blood urine 1L content of more than 1ml in the urine color of wash water meat, red, dark red or blood clots, also can appear thick brown, brown or soy sauce (pH acid in urine, hematuria is when). 3. pseudohematuria: some foods (such as red pepper, sugar beet, senna etc.), drugs (such as vitamin B12, rifampicin and phenytoin etc.) and dyes (such as Fen Hong) can make the urine color red. Hemoglobin urine color of soy sauce or dark red, found in intravascular hemolysis. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. May also appear red urine porphyria and lead poi