生理光学（Physiological optics）.docVIP

生理光学（Physiological optics） Physiological optics is a branch of science that studies eye and vision, and is an interdisciplinary branch of physiology and optics. The subjects it deals with include anatomy, biochemistry, physics and psychology. Traditional physiological optics includes geometrical optics, brightness perception, spatial and temporal discrimination, color vision and stereoscopic vision of the ocular refractive system. Its research results are widely used in medical ophthalmology, clinical, optical engineering and other fields. The process of light entering the eye, refracted through the intraocular medium, and imaging on the retina is called refraction. The geometric optical properties of refractive system has been studied fully, fairly accurate determination of optical parameters of cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body and transparent medium, these parameters to design various eye model or simple eye based on the left, he eye model can be used to calculate the size of the retinal image. Focus on the ability of the eye is mainly from the cornea, but to focus on objects at different distances, the eyes often need to change its refractive power, which is on the two surface of the lens, is mainly to change the curvature of the front surface to achieve, this process is called regulation. When the eyes regulation is relaxed, if the length of the axis of the eye and the refractive power of the refractive system can cause the posterior focus of the eye to fall on the retina, it is the right eye. If the meter is the focal unit, the inverse is called the diopter, which is the unit of refraction. Similarly, in modulating relaxation, if the posterior focus of the refractive system falls behind the retina, it is called hyperopia, whereas in the anterior part of the retina it is called myopia. If each section contains the Los refractive state, it is called astigmatism. Myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism are collectively referred to as refractive errors, which c