现汉复习资料（Present Chinese review materials）.docVIP

现汉复习资料（Present Chinese review materials） Present Chinese review materials The first chapter is introduction I. knowledge: 1, the spoken word is spoken, with pen written down is written. 2, ancient Chinese includes classical Chinese and ancient vernacular; modern Chinese refers to contemporary vernacular, including spoken and written language. 3, after Han and Wei dynasties, the emergence of a written language close to oral English, such as the Tang and Song Dynasties quotations from Song Dynasty Pinghua, Yuan Ming and Qing opera novels etc.. 4, the ancient vernacular or early vernacular, it was also called modern chinese. Such as the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and a dream of Red Mansions journey to the west scholars are the ancient vernacular. 5, modern Chinese has two meanings. One is modern Chinese common language, and the other is Mandarin and dialect. 6, Chinese dialects can be divided into two categories: Mandarin and non Mandarin areas. 7, Mandarin is also called northern dialect. Non Mandarin dialects include Cantonese, Wu, Xiang dialect, Gan dialect, Hakka, min. 8, the United Nations provides six languages, in addition to Chinese, there are English, French, Russian, Spanish, arabic. 9, Chinese is a tonal language, and different types of tones can distinguish meanings. 10, Chinese lacks strict morphological changes. Two, use the: 1. What is the common language of modern Chinese? Answer: take the pronunciation of Beijing as the standard pronunciation, the dialect based on the northern dialect, and the Mandarin as the grammar standard with the typical modern vernacular language. 2, what is the connection and difference between spoken and written language? Answer: spoken language is the foundation of written language. Written language is only the recording and processing form of spoken language. There are some differences between spoken and written language in terms of using words and making sentences. If the general characteristics of these two kinds of lang