现代汉语上册各种考点归纳（I summed up a variety of test centers in modern Chinese）.docVIP

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现代汉语上册各种考点归纳（I summed up a variety of test centers in modern Chinese）.doc

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现代汉语上册各种考点归纳（I summed up a variety of test centers in modern Chinese）

现代汉语上册各种考点归纳（I summed up a variety of test centers in modern Chinese） [chapter I] What is modern Chinese? The common language of the modern Han people is based on the pronunciation of Beijing dialect, the dialect based on northern dialect, and the Mandarin as a grammatical standard in modern vernacular chinese. 27 major dialects and representatives 1. northern dialect 2., the dialect of Wu is represented by Suzhou dialect 3., Hunan dialect is represented by Changsha dialect 4. Gan dialect, represented by Nanchang dialect 5., the Hakka dialect is represented by the Guangdong dialect of Meixian The 6. Min dialect is represented by Fuzhou dialect The 7. Guangdong dialect is represented by Guangzhou dialect Three the characteristics of phonetics and vocabulary in modern Chinese Voice： 1. without consonant clusters 2. vowels predominate 3. tones. Vocabulary: 1., Chinese morphology is shorter 2., the formation of new words, widely used root complex method 3., Chinese has shorter morphology and more monosyllabic morphemes [second chapters] What is the speech? Speech is the voice of human being, the external form of the phonetic component of meaningful content, namely the material outer shell of language What are the differences between the speech and other sounds The only voice that has the meaning of words is speech, and laughter and groans are not sounds The same thing: the vibration produced by objects has three attributes, physical, physiological and social, and social property is the fundamental attribute of speech Three attributes - Speech 1. physical attributes. Voice and sound with pitch, timbre, intensity and length of four elements 2. physiological attributes. Speech sounds are produced by humans vocal organs, which can be divided into three parts: respiratory organs, larynx and vocal cords, pharynx cavity, oral cavity and nasal cavity 3. social attributes. The speech unit 1. phonemes: the smallest unit of speech, divided into two categories: consonants and vowe