微生物的重点（Microbiological focus）.docVIP

微生物的重点（Microbiological focus） Chapter 1 Morphology and structure of bacteria Intracytoplasmic granules are also called inclusions. Capsule function: anti phagocytosis, adhesion, anti damage effects of harmful substances. Pili can be divided into ordinary pili and sex pili. The common fimbriae are adhesion structures of bacteria. The sex pili are only seen in a small number of G- bacteria, a small number, only one of 1-4 bacteria, longer than the ordinary fimbriae, hollow tubular. A bacterium forms only one spore, and one spore produces only one cell. Bacterial spores are resistant to heat, dryness, radiation, chemical disinfectants, and other physical and chemical factors. The most reliable way to kill spores is by autoclave sterilization. The second chapter is the physiology of bacteria Environmental factors that affect bacterial growth are nutrients, hydrogen ion concentration, temperature, gas, and osmotic pressure. The optimum pH for most pathogens was 7.2-7.6, and the optimum pH for Vibrio cholerae was 6.5-6.8. in pH8.4-9.2 According to the need of bacteria for oxygen, it can be divided into obligate aerobic bacteria, micro aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes. The growth and reproduction of bacteria are divided into four stages: lag stage, logarithmic phase, stable stage and decline stage. Escherichia coli on the IMViC test results for ++--, --++ aerobacteraerogenes. The third chapter, disinfection, sterilization and pathogenic microorganisms laboratory biosafety Sterilization benefits: Damp heat in the bacteria more easily than protein freezing denaturation; penetrating damp heat; heat steam latent heat effect exists. Fourth chapter bacteriophage The toxic phage can proliferate in the host by replication, and the proliferation process includes adsorption, import, biosynthesis, maturation and release. Temperate phages have the potential to produce mature progeny, phage particles, and lytic host bacteria, known as solubility. Has a tem