Kingdom Plantae Nicholls State University（国植物界尼科尔斯州立大学）.pdfVIP

Kingdom Plantae Characteristics chloroplasts with chlorophyll a b, and carotenoids cellulose cell walls formation of cell plate during cell division starch used for carbohydrate storage Life cycle - sporic meiosis or haplodiplonic or alternation of generations diploid stage (sporophyte) and haploid stage (gametophyte) are multicellular dominant stage varies between groups primitive plants - gametophyte is dominant advanced plants - sporophyte is dominant primitive plants have poorly developed systems for conducting fluids - nonvascular plants more advanced plants (vascular plants) have well developed xylem and phloem for conduction Ten phyla of plants Three nonvascular (without water conducting vessels) P. Bryophyta - mosses P. Hepaticophyta - liverworts P. Anthocerophyta - hornworts Nine vascular Two seedless P. Pterophyta - ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails P. Lycophyta - club mosses Five seeded P. Coniferophyta - conifers P. Cycadophyta - cycads this group is called the P. Gnetophyta - gnetophyta P. Ginkophyta - ginkgo gymnosperms P. Anthophyta - flowering plants - angiosperms Characteristics of nonvascular plants lack vessels for conducting water and foodstuffs throughout plant Gametophytes green, nutritionally independent of, and more conspicuous than sporophyte Sporophyte attached to gametophyte, partially nutritionally dependent Homosporous - spores of equal size Require external water for fertilization, only common in moist places In total about 24,700 species Three Phyla - Bryophyta (mosses), Hepaticophyta (liverworts), Antherocerophyta (hornworts) collectively calle