IMAGING BEYOND THE PINHOLE CAMERA （成像针孔照相机）.pdfVIP

IMAGING BEYOND THE PINHOLE CAMERA Co-chairs: Kostas Daniilidis (USA), Reinhard Klette (New Zealand), and Ales Leonardis (Slovenia) Seminar at Dagstuhl, 13 – 18 June 2004 The world’s first photograph was taken by Joseph Nicphore Ni´epce (1775–1833) in 1826 on his country estate near Chalon-sur-Sane, France. The photo shows parts of farm buildings and some sky. Exposure time was eight hours. Ni´epce used a pinhole camera, known as camera obscura, and utilized pewter plates as the support medium for the photographic process. The camera obscura, the basic projection model of pinhole cameras, was first reported by the Chinese philosopher Mo-Ti (5th century BC): light rays passing through a pinhole into a darkened room create an upside-down image of the outside world. Cameras used since Ni´epce are basically following the pinhole camera principle. The quality of projected images improved due to progress in optical lenses and silver-based film, the latter one replaced today by digital technologies. Pinhole-type cameras are still the dominating brands, and also used in computer vision for understanding 3D scenes based on captured images or videos. However, different applications have pushed for designing alternative architectures of cameras. For example, in photogrammetry cameras are installed in planes or satellites, and a continues stream of image data can also be created by capturing images just line by line, one line at a time. As a second example, robots require to understand a scenery in full 360◦ to be able to react on obstacles or events; a camera looking upward into a parabolic or hyperbolic mirror allows this type of omnidirectional viewing. T