Haber Process for the Production of Ammonia （哈伯氨的生产流程）.pdfVIP

Haber Process for the Production of Ammonia In 1909 Fritz Haber established the conditions under which nitrogen, N (g), and 2 hydrogen, H (g), would combine using 2 o  medium temperature (~500 C)  very high pressure (~250 atmospheres, ~351kPa)  a catalyst (a porous iron catalyst prepared by reducing magnetite, Fe O ). 3 4 Osmium is a much better catalyst for the reaction but is very expensive. This process produces an ammonia, NH (g), yield of approximately 10-20%. 3 The Haber synthesis was developed into an industrial process by Carl Bosch. The reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to produce ammonia gas is o exothermic, releasing 92.4kJ/mol of energy at 298K (25 C). N (g) 3H (g) heat, pressure, catalyst 2NH (g) -1 2 + 2 3 H = -92.4 kJ mol nitrogen hydrogen ammonia OR N (g) 3H (g) heat, pressure, catalyst 2NH (g) -1 2 + 2 3 + 92.4 kJ mol nitrogen hydrogen ammonia By Le Chetaliers Principle:  increasing the pressure causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yeild of ammonia since there are more gas molecules on the left hand side of the equation (4 in total) than there are on the right hand side of the equation (2). Increasing the pressure means