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Urban Heat Islands - Lehigh University城市热岛-利哈伊大学
Urban Heat Islands On a hot, sunny day if we wear dark clothes, we feel warm. Dark colors absorb more heat than light colors. We experience rising heated air when we walk across a paved parking lot on a sunny, summer day. The heat stored in the pavement warms the air and sends out energy in the form of heat to our bodies. On the other hand, when we sit under a tree, we feel cool. The moisture in trees and the shade they provide cools the area around them. What is an urban heat island? Temperatures are not the same across a city area. The amount of vegetation (such as trees and grass) and colors of building materials affect temperatures. Generally the darker and denser the building materials, the higher the temperatures. Asphalt in parking lots and on rooftops, in particular, absorb heat from the sun’s light. This heat is then released as infrared light (invisible to our eyes) into the surrounding air. Color is a very important factor in heat gain. Dark colored materials such as asphalt used for building roads and for roofing tiles absorb more heat from the sun than materials with lighter colors such as white roofing shingles or cement. Lighter colors reflect the rays of the sun back into the atmosphere, and less heat is built up. When heat builds up in a city, it creates a hot spot compared to the nearby suburban and rural areas. This hot spot is called an urban heat island. On warm summer days, the air in urban areas can be 6-8°F hotter than its surrounding areas. Scientists call these cities urban heat islands. The temperature differences shown in the image above are related to how materials absorb and release heat. Asphalt absorbs heat from the sun and quickly releases it as heat radiation. For example, temperatures in the Madison Square Mall parking lot during the summer are as high as 48.9°C (120°F) during the day. Tree islands in the lot are only 31.7°C (89°F)—a difference of 17.2°C (31°F)! Nearby wooded areas are as low as 29.4°C (85°F). Reducing Urban He
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