high nucleosome occupancy is encoded at human regulatory sequences核小体高入住率在人类管理序列编码.pdfVIP

High Nucleosome Occupancy Is Encoded at Human Regulatory Sequences 1 2 3 3 4 Desiree Tillo , Noam Kaplan , Irene K. Moore , Yvonne Fondufe-Mittendorf , Andrea J. Gossett , Yair 2 4 3 2 1 Field , Jason D. Lieb , Jonathan Widom , Eran Segal , Timothy R. Hughes * 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 2 Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 3 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, 4 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America Abstract Active eukaryotic regulatory sites are characterized by open chromatin, and yeast promoters and transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) typically have low intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. Here, we show that in contrast to yeast, DNA at human promoters, enhancers, and TFBSs generally encodes high intrinsic nucleosome occupancy. In most cases we examined, these elements also have high experimentally measured nucleosome occupancy in vivo. These regions typically have high G+C content, which correlates positively with intrinsic nucleosome occupancy, and are depleted for nucleosome- excluding poly-A sequences. We propose that high nucleosome preference is directly encoded at regulatory sequences in the human genome to restrict access to regulatory information that will ultimately be utilized in only a subset of differentiated