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Open access, freely available online Synopses of Research Articles Targeting of Endothelial Activation in Cerebral Malaria DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020315 Malaria is one of the most serious of all cell activation, adhesiveness for malarial tropical parasitic diseases: a severe and parasites, and vesiculation. life-threatening form of which in humans Using an in vitro model of cerebral is cerebral malaria, a complication malaria based on human, brain-derived that can occur in malaria caused by endothelial cells (HBEC-5i), they found that Plasmodium falciparum. This grave LMP-420 potently reduced endothelial complication involves malarial infection activation, endothelial adhesiveness for of the red blood cells that accumulate P. falciparum–parasitized red blood cells, within the very small capillaries that fl ow and endothelial MP release, three major through the tissues of the brain. Even features of cerebral malaria. when treated, cerebral malaria has a The results provide evidence for a fatality rate of 15% or more. dual inhibitory effect of LMP-420 on Numerous studies have pointed both TNF and LT in an in vitro model of DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020315.g001 to a key role of tumor necrosis factor cerebral malaria pathogenesis, when Plasmodium-infected red blood cells bind (TNF) and related proteins in the added either before or simultaneously to brain endothelial cells pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, and a with bot