genetic diversity, recombination, and divergence in animal associated penicillium dipodomyis遗传多样性、重组和散度在动物特异dipodomyis有关.pdfVIP

Genetic Diversity, Recombination, and Divergence in Animal Associated Penicillium dipodomyis Daniel A. Henk*, Matthew C. Fisher Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom Abstract Penicillium dipodomyis is thought to be an exclusively asexual fungus associated with Kangaroo Rats, Dipodomys species, and is unique among Penicillium species in growing at 37uC but producing no known toxins. Lack of recombination within P. dipodomyis would result in limited adaptive flexibility but possibly enhance local adaptation and host selection via maintenance of favourable genotypes. Here, analysis of DNA sequence data from five protein-coding genes shows that recombination occurs within P. dipodomyis on a small spatial scale. Furthermore, detection of mating-type alleles supports outcrossing and a sexual cycle in P. dipodomyis. P. dipodomyis was a weaker competitor in in vitro assays with other Penicillium species found in association with Kanagaroo rats. Bayesian species level analysis suggests that the P. dipodomyis lineage diverged from closely related species also found in cheek pouches of Kangaroo Rats and their stored seeds about 11 million years ago, a similar divergence time as Dipodomys from its sister rodent taxa. Citation: Henk DA, Fisher MC (2011) Genetic Diversity, Recombination, and Divergence in Animal Associated Penicillium dipodomyis. PLoS ONE 6(8): e22883. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022883 Editor: Vishnu Chaturvedi, New York State Health Department and University at Albany, United States of America Received March 28, 2011; Accepted July 6, 2011; Published August 5, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Henk, Fisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reprodu