genetic epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd index) in adults遗传流行病学的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(adhd指数).pdfVIP

Genetic Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD Index) in Adults Dorret I. Boomsma*, Viatcheslav Saviouk, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Marijn A. Distel, Marleen H. M. de Moor, Jacqueline M. Vink, Lot M. Geels, Jenny H. D. A. van Beek, Meike Bartels, Eco J. C. de Geus, Gonneke Willemsen Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract Context: In contrast to the large number of studies in children, there is little information on the contribution of genetic factors to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Objective: To estimate the heritability of ADHD in adults as assessed by the ADHD index scored from the CAARS (Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales). Design: Phenotype data from over 12,000 adults (twins, siblings and parents) registered with the Netherlands Twin Register were analyzed using genetic structural equation modeling. Main outcome measures: Heritability estimates for ADHD from the twin-family study. Results: Heritability of ADHD in adults is estimated around 30% in men and women. There is some evidence for assortative mating. All familial transmission is explained by genetic inheritance, there is no support for the hypothesis that cultural transmission from parents to offspring is important. Conclusion: Heritability for ADHD features in adults is present, but is substantially lower than it is in children. Citation: Boomsma DI, Saviouk V, Hottenga J-J, Distel MA, de Moor MHM, et al. (2010) Genetic Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD Index) in Adults. PLoS ONE 5(5): e10621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010621 Editor: Pieter H. Reitsma, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands Received March 10, 2010; Accepted April 20, 2010; Published May 12, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Boomsma et al. This is an open-access article distributed under th