Chapter Six Emotional and Social Development in Infancy ：六章情感和社会发展阶段.ppt

Social Personality Development (4th ed.) Shaffer Chapter 4 Early Social and Emotional Development I Chapter 4 in outline Emotional Development Temperament and Development What are Emotional Attachments? How do Infants Become Attached? Two Attachment-Related Fears of Intimacy Reactions to the Loss of an Attachment Object EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTWhat is an emotion? Defn. “episodic, relatively short-term [vs. moods], biologically based patterns of perception [of an internal or external stimulus], [subjective] experience, physiology, action, and communication that occur in response to specific physical and social challenges and opportunities.... more flexible... than reflexes” (Keltner Gross, 1999) antecendent - emotional experience - expression(stimuli/situation - subjective experience - behavior) e.g., anger as a blocked goal (frustration) - mobilized energy (adaptive if you break the frustrating object?) What are emotions? (contd.) subjective experience of emotion - e.g., “when afraid our senses are sharpened, our muscles primed to move us quickly out of harm’s way, and our cardiovascular system tuned to provide increased oxygen and energy to large muscle groups that may be called upon to flee [or fight]” - e.g., high spinal chord damage Emotions are: intrapersonal - used in judgment, decision-making (good-bad), values and morals,physical safety(heights) interpersonal - expression/communication (e.g., audience effects, grief mobilizing community, well-being, cultural guidelines or display rules) Experience and expression/recognition of emotion (e.g., anger) - interpersonal aspect Communication of emotion to species members Does the wolf have direct, subjective access to the corresponding emotional state? How do you know what othersfeel? anger-appeasementconjunction Cross-species similarity? Basic emotionsDo babies have subjective feelings? fear: brows level, drawn in and up, eyelids lifted, mouth retracted surprise: brows raised, mouth rounded in an oval