初中英语语法讲解简单句.docVIP

简单句 陈述句 陈述句用陈述一件事情或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。 陈述句的肯定形式 陈述句的肯定形式主要由“主语+谓语+其他成分”构成。 例如：My aunt orks in a hospital 陈述句的否定形式 谓语动词是系动词be或谓语部分含有情态动词、助动词时，在其后面直接加not。Jim is at home → Jim is not at home I can ride a bike → I can’t ride a bike 谓语部分只有实义动词时，根据句子的时态和人称，在谓语动词前面加don’t, doesn’t或者didn’tThey go to school at seven in the morning → They don’t go to school at seven in the morning The students ent on a picnic last Sunday → The students didn’t go on a picnic last Sunday 含有否定意义的词构成的否定句。 含否定意义的词如no, hardly, never, seldom, fe, little等也可构成陈述句的否定形式。 I have no brothers He never plays computer games 陈述句的其他否定结构 have做“拥有，所有”讲时，其否定形式有两种。 I have a pet dog → I have not a pet dog 或 I don’t have a pet dog I have noodles for breakfast 只能改为：I don’t have noodles for breakfast 不能改为：I haven’t noodles for breakfast 含有all, both, each, every, both…and…等的肯定句加not变为否定句后只表示部分否定；若要表示全部否定，则需用no, no one, nobody, none, neither…nor… 等词。 All the students in our class like playing football Not all the students in our class like playing football （部分否定） None of the students in our class like playing football （全部否定） 含有already（已经），too（也）的肯定句加not变为否定句时，要分别把already和too改为yet和either He has already finished his homeork 可改为：He hasn’t finished his homeork yet I ant to go shopping, too 可改为：I don’t ant to go shopping, either 5、含有alays, almost, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never, hardly, fe, little, seldom等变为否定句，而不用加not He alays gives me a hand hen I’m in trouble 可改为：He never gives me a hand hen I’m in trouble 6、当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等词时，若要否定宾语从句，应注意否定转移现象。 I think you are right 可改为：I don’t think you are right 祈使句 （一）祈使句的结构及用法 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1、肯定的祈使句 句型:动词原形（省略主语）+其他成分。 Come in! Be quiet! 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。 Do come and see me! Do be careful! 2、否定的祈使句 句型1：Don’t+动词原形+其他成分 Don’t be late Don’t talk in class