高度近视眼所致低视力和其康复.docVIP

高度近视眼所致的低视力及其康复 作者：王思慧　吴淑英　李凤莲 单位：天津市眼科医院低视力门诊(300022) 关键词：高度近视眼；低视力；低视力助视器；康复 摘　要　目的：确定天津市眼科医院低视力门诊40岁以上患者中的高度近视眼为低视力之首位原因。研究其视力减退原因及康复方式。方法：低高度近视所致的低视力患者85例，做详细的眼部检查及视力矫正，使用不同类型的低视力助视器并比较其效果。结果：根据世界卫生组织(WHO)关于低视力的分类标准，85例中有82例(96.47%)为Ⅰ级低视力，仅3例(3.53%)为Ⅱ级低视力。视力减退的主要原因是视网膜脉络膜退行性变化、并发性白内障及视网膜脱离等。应用远用助视器使38例患者的远视力达到0.3或0.3以上，说明有44.70%的低视力患者可获得有用视力。结论：高度近视所致的低视力应用低视力助视器可以获得有效的康复。 Rehabilitation of low vision associated with high myopia 　　Wang Sihui,Wu Shuying,Li Fenglian.Low Vision Clinic,Tianjin Eye Hospital,Tianjin 300022 Abstract　Objective:Low vision associated with high myopia was the primary cause of low vision in the Tianjin Eye Hospital.This paper assesses the causes of visual deterioration and how it may be rehabilitate.Methods:Eighty-five low vision cases with high myopia(aged 40 years or older) were enrolled.We examined the eyes,carefully corrected visual acuity,used different low vision aids,and compared the effectiveness of these aids.Results:According to the WHO classification of low vision,82 of the 85 cases fall into grade Ⅰ(96.47%),while 3 cases (3.53%) fall into grade Ⅱ.The main causes of vision deterioration were chorioretinal degeneration,cataract complications,and retina detachments.In 38 of 85 cases,visual acuity for distance was improved to 0.3 or better with low vision aids.Thus,44.70% of the low vision cases attained useful vision.Conclusion:Low vision aids for distance are valuable in the rehabilitation of low vision with high myopia.Key words　High myopia　Low vision　Low vision aids　Rehabilitation 　　高度近视眼(病理性或变性近视眼)在人群中的患病率一般估计为1%左右［1］。由于屈光度在-6.00D以上，甚至可达-40.00D，故有部分患者视力矫正的效果较差，甚至可成为视觉残疾(低视力和盲)者。高度近视眼患者在40岁以后由于眼部合并症增多，故视力下降尤为明显。本文将就高度近视眼所致低视力及其康复等问题作初步探讨。 1　材料和方法　　根据世界卫生组织(WHO)［2］于1973年制定的盲及低视力标准，低视力的最佳矫正视力为≥0.05～＜0.3。凡最佳矫正视力低于0.05者属盲。　　本文材料为天津市眼科医院低视力门诊中40岁以上的高度近视眼患者，共85例，其中男27例，女58例。年龄40～76岁。　　患者在低视力门诊除进行常规的眼部各项检查外，着重做详细的屈光检查，重新矫正视力。85例患者中，属Ⅰ级低视力(好眼最佳矫正视力为0.1～＜0.3)者82例(96.47%)，Ⅱ级低视力(好眼最佳矫正视力0.05～＜0.1)仅3例(3.53%)。低视力是指双眼而言。分级是根据双眼中矫正视力较好的眼