四种不同的地震震级（Four different earthquake magnitude）.docVIP

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四种不同的地震震级（Four different earthquake magnitude）.doc

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四种不同的地震震级（Four different earthquake magnitude）

四种不同的地震震级（Four different earthquake magnitude） Four different magnitudes of earthquakes (ML, MS, MB, MW) Magnitude is a measure of the size of the earthquake itself. At present, the most basic magnitude scales are 4 kinds: local magnitude ML, body wave magnitude (Mb and MB), surface wave magnitude MS and moment magnitude MW. The first 3 magnitudes are a measure of the relative magnitude of earthquakes by measuring the amplitude of a seismic wave at one frequency in the earthquake wave. Local magnitude ML is about 1 second S wave amplitude (or Lg) to measure the size of the earthquake magnitude is Mb, body wave seismic body wave amplitude at about 1 to measure the size of the earthquake magnitude is MB, body wave seismic body wave amplitude about 5 seconds to measure the size of the earthquake magnitude, MS surface wave is a shallow earthquake with 20 seconds of surface wave amplitude to measure the size of the earthquake. Due to the limitations of the Wood Anderson torsion seismograph used in the design of the Richter scale, the near earthquake size of ML is not applicable if it is greater than about 6.8 or the observation point is more than 600 km from the epicenter. Later, researchers proposed some improvements, in which surface wave magnitude (MS) and body wave magnitude (Mb) were the most commonly used. Due to the law of earthquake intensity spectrum ratio (The Scaling Law of Earthquake Spectra) limit, at about 8.3-8.5 will produce a saturation effect, makes some seismic intensity significantly different with the traditional method in numerical calculation method is the same as the Richter scale. At the beginning of the twenty-first Century earthquake, scholars generally believe that these traditional magnitude representation method is out of date, instead of using a physical meaning is more abundant, more direct seismic response process of physical representation of that moment magnitude (Moment magnitude, scale, MW). The moment magnitude MW is the magnitude co