北邮基于单片机的超声波测距附源代码.docVIP

2013年小学期单片机设计实验报告 题目：基于单片机的超声波测距 班 级： 班内序号： 实验组号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 实验摘要 本次实验我们制作的超声波测距仪主要实现的功能是非接触式测距，应用于测量环境处于黑暗、有灰尘，烟雾，有毒的情况下的距离测量，利用超声波的直线传播性，较低速性，便于发射和接收，有较高的分辨率和精准度。 整个系统中，微控制器采用了Microchip公司的PIC16F877，软件设计中涉及Rc1、RB4用作超声波发射和接收管脚和LCD1602液晶显示屏用作显示测量结果。本实验用单片机RB4管脚产生高电平使发射电路使能发射超声波，并开始计时，当接收电路接收到超声波后，电平由高变低，送入到单片机Rc1管脚，发送中断请求，停止计时，计算出超声波传播距离，实现测距。 其中发射电路由NE555电路40KHz超声波发生模块和由CD4069反相器构成的信号推挽放大模块组成，接收电路由CX20106模块组成。 概括来说，本实验就是用单片机通过记录超声波发射接收时间，并以此计算出距离。 Abstract In this experiment we produce ultrasonic range finder functions of the main non-contact distance, used in the measurement environment is dark, dust, smoke, toxic case of distance measurement, using an ultrasonic wave transmission line resistance, low speed , ease of transmitting and receiving, a higher resolution and accuracy. Throughout the system, the microcontroller uses Microchips PIC16F877, software design involves Rc1, RB4 for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic LCD1602 LCD monitor as a pin and display the measurement results. The experimental chip produces high RB4 pin enables the emission of ultrasonic transmitter circuit and start the timer, when the receiving circuit receives the ultrasonic waves, the level from high to low, Rc1 fed to the microcontroller pin interrupt request is sent, stop time, calculated from the ultrasonic wave propagation, to achieve ranging. 牋牋?Wherein the transmission circuit from 40KHz ultrasonic NE555 circuit CD4069 inverter module and constituted by a push-pull signal amplification module, the receiving circuit by the CX20106 modules. In summary, the present study is to use the microcontroller through the recording ultrasonic transmitting and receiving time, and thus calculate the distance. 关键字 单片机——microcontroller 芯片——CMOS chip 超神波——Ultrasonic wave 计时计算——Timing and calculation 实验论证与比较 1.超声波发射模块 超声波测距的发射电路作用是有效发生较强的超声波寻向被测物，以供接收电路接收，其由NE555电路40KHz超声波发生模块和由CD4069反相器构成的信号推挽放大模块组成。如图1所示： 图1 1.1其中控制电路和震荡电路由555基本电路组成，这基本电路能通过改变电阻和电容的值可以改变