不定式、被动语态概要.docVIP

动词不定式三注意 动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，常由“to + 动词原形”构成，可在句中作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语等。今天，咱们主要谈谈关于它的三个要多加注意的方面。 1. 作宾语的动词不定式何时省略to 我们知道，像ask, want, invite, wish, expect, warn 等动词后常接带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。那什么时候把to省略呢？常见的有“一感二听三让四看半帮助”几种情况。即feel sb do sth; listen/ hear sb do; make/ let/ have sb do sth; look at/ see/ watch/ notice sb do sth; help sb ( to ) do sth。 如：I often hear Molly sing songs in her room. 我经常听见莫利在她的房间里唱歌。 Don’t make him stand outside. 别让他在外边站着了。 【知识拓展】 ① 若表示“看到/听到/感觉到某人正在做某事”，则用see/ hear/ feel sb doing sth. 如：I can hear someone singing at the door. 我能听见有人正在问口唱歌。 ② 在被动语态中，这些不定式中被省略的to要还原。 如：He was made to do more work. 他被要求做更多的工作。 She was seen to play basketball. 他被看见在打篮球。 2. 疑问词+不定式 不定式可以和疑问词what, how, when, where 等连用，共同作句子的宾语或表语等，但此时不定式一定要放在疑问词的后面。 如：Can you show me how to turn off the computer? 你能让我看看如何关电脑吗？ (how to do sth 作宾语) Where to spend the weekend hasn’t been decided yet. 去哪里度过周末还没有被决定出来呢。(where to do sth 作主语) 3. 不定式和it 不定式可以作句子的主语和宾语，但有时候它们因太长而显得句子结构不够完美，故常用it 来代替它作形式主语或形式宾语。 常见的句型有以下两个：① It be + adj + for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事怎么样。（it 作形式主语）② sb thinks/ find it + adj + to do sth.某人认为（发现）做某事怎么样。（it 作形式宾语） 如：It is very easy for me to answer that question. 对我来说，回答那个问题是很容易的。 Did you find it hard to solve the problem? 你觉得解决那个问题很难吗？ ? 练一练：用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Can you tell me how _________ to the cinema? （go） 2. It is very easy for him __________ that problem. （solve） 3. Listen! Can you hear someone __________ at our door? （knock） 4. He was made __________ his name on the blackboard. （write） 5. We often see him _________ books on the playground. （read） 6. I find it hard _________ a new language. （learn） 1. to go 2. to slove 3. knocking 4. to write 5. read 6. to learn 1. Dont forget _________ the letter.A. to send????? B. send????? C. sending????? D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.A. sit????????? B. sit on???? C. be sat??????? D. be sat on 3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thi