hypothesis and research question假设和研究的问.pptVIP

Hypothesis and research question A hypothesis is a statement of the predicted relationship between two or more variables. Purposes Allow theoretical propositions to be tested in the real world. Guide the research design. Dictate the type of statistical analysis for the data Provide the reader with an understanding of the researchers expectations about the study before data collecting begins. The rationale or sources of hypothesis From the researchers own experiences. From previous research studies. From theoretical propositions. This is the most important source of a hypothesis. This process of a hypothesis derivation involves deductive reasoning. A propositional statement is isolated from the study frame work and empirically tested. Note(1) : Nursing research involves both inductive and deductive means of formulating hypothesis. Note(2): Hypothesis should always be written before the study and should not be changed after the study results are examined. Classifications of hypothesis  Simple or complex: A Simple hypothesis: concerns the relationship between one independent and one dependent variable (bivariate study). In experimental studies the independent variable may be considered the cause, and the dependent variable may be considered as the effect. Example: there is a negative relationship between denial and reports of anxiety among post myocardial infarction patients. A complex hypothesis: Concerns a relationship where two or more independent variables, two or more dependent variables, or both, are examined in the same study (multivariate). Example: there is a positive relationship between patient perception of pain control and (a) complaints of pain and (b) requests for pain medication. Note : remember that hypothesis are not required if only one variable is being examined. 11.Null and research hypothesis Null hypothesis (Ho)= Statistical hypothesis; predict that no relationship exists between variables. Research hypothesis(H1)= Alternative hypothe