石油的产生（Oil production）.docVIP

石油的产生（Oil production） Oil, power material for our time off, what form, has always been the focus of scientists, because of the energy crisis facing the human world, may produce new energy lies in the formation of petroleum. The biological causes of oil are an indisputable fact. Although inorganic origin of oil and gas may also exist, but a small amount. That is important evidence of biogenic biological indicators, biological molecules is petroleum residues still has biological molecular structure or properties, is not easy to decompose compounds in the organism, in the remaining oil formation process, generally can be used to distinguish oil formerly biological species, age and depositional environment. The formation of petroleum is a irreversible reaction controlled by chemical kinetics. Just as we cook food, the temperature is high, the time is short, and the temperature is too low to boil slowly. The conversion of kerogen into petroleum is generally accepted as a criterion for the rate of reaction. Petroleum geochemists to experimental simulation, the kerogen in the pressure cooker heating oil production observation and measuring the reaction rate and the parameters, and then from the formation of known source rocks buried depth or its equivalent formation temperature and burying time (about million years), to estimate the amount of oil generation. Oil is the ancient biological remains through complex chemical and biological effect is transformed, it is estimated only 1/1000 or less of the organism, have the opportunity to quickly isolate buried with oxygen to avoid rotting, and transformed into a predecessor of kerogen in oil. Kerogen is a macromolecular organic geological polymer that exists in solid state between shale and carbonate rocks. Its composition is very complex, containing carbon, hydrogen and a small amount of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. The formation of kerogen is generally considered to be biodegradable polymers, such as proteins, first decompose