昆虫孤雌生殖起源的遗传机制和进化意义.pdf

动 物 学 研 究 2011，Dec. 32(6): 689−695 CN 53-1040/Q ISSN 0254-5853 Zoological Research DOI ：10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.06689 昆虫孤雌生殖起源的遗传机制和进化意义 王成业* ( 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所, 云南 昆明 650224) 摘要：孤雌生殖在昆虫纲中有很高的发生比例, 昆虫的孤雌生殖能力是造成农林灾害的一个重要而常被忽视 的因素。孤雌生殖物种的存在和维持在进化生物学领域是个令人困惑的话题。在一些物种中孤雌生殖的细胞学机 制得到了研究和解释, 但是对于从两性生殖转换到孤雌生殖的遗传机制却知之甚少。了解孤雌生殖起源的遗传机 制和进化意义对于预防农林虫害有着重要的意义。因此，该文就近年来对昆虫孤雌生殖起源的遗传和进化意义的 研究做以综述, 并就可能的利用前景进行简单讨论。 关键词：昆虫; 孤雌生殖; 遗传机制; 自然选择 中图分类号：Q965; Q963; Q349 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0254-5853-(2011)06-0689-07 Genetic mechanism and evolutionary significance of the origin of parthenogenetic insects * WANG Cheng-Ye (Research Institute of Resource Insects , Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China) Abstract: There is a high proportion of parthenogenesis in insecta, and the parthenogenetic potential of insects is an important but often ignored threaten factor for the agricultural and forestry production. The maintenance of parthenogenetic species is a puzzling issue in evolutionary biology. In recent years, although the cellular mechanisms during parthenogenesis in some species have been well studied, the underlying genetic mechanisms that cause the switch from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis have not been defined. While, understanding the genetic mechanism and evolutionary significance of the origin of parthenogenetic insects is crucial for preventing the pests in agricultural and forestry producti