面向对象基础课件.ppt

Object - Oriented Programming Component OO Fundamentals;Designing Programs;Software Development – Solving Problem;Object - Oriented Programming Component OO Fundamentals;Object - Oriented Programming Component OO Fundamentals;Why ‘Object-Oriented’?; The Procedural Approach;The Object-Oriented Approach;The Object-Oriented Approach;Procedural Programming;Procedural Programming - Example;Procedural Programming - Example;Procedural Programming - Disadvantages;Object-Oriented Programming: OOP;Object-Oriented Programming - Example;Object-Oriented Programming - Example;Object-Oriented Programming - Example;Example: Temperature Conversion;What is this course all about?;The Big OO Concepts;Modeling;What is a model?;Why We Model;Importance of Modeling;Principles of Modeling;Modeling Comparison;Objects;Objects (cont.);Characteristics of Objects;An Object Has State;An Object Has Behavior;An Object Has Identity;Objects Need to Collaborate;Classes;Classes, cont.;Classes, cont.;The Relationship Between Classes and Objects;Encapsulation;Encapsulation (cont.);What Is Encapsulation?;Encapsulation – Information/Implementation hiding;封装;接口与实现; ;抽象的定义 ;　;　;信息隐藏;　;　;抽象的层次;　;　;确定合适层次的抽象;各种形式的抽象;抽象形式：分治法; ;Specialization（特殊化、具体化、专门化）; ;“是一个”与“有一个”抽象;　;抽象形式：分类（ Catalogs ）;抽象形式：组合（Composition）; ;抽象形式：特殊化的层次;抽象形式：模式（Patterns）;Abstraction Example;Inheritance;Inheritance (cont.);Inheritance (cont.);Java语言的Object基类 ;继承的形式 ;特殊化（specialization）继承 ;规范化（specification）继承 ;规范化继承（续）;构造（Construction）继承;扩展继承 ;限制继承 ;合并继承 （多重继承）;继承的代价;Polymorphism;多态性的种类 ; 多态变量; ; 重载(overload); 现实生活中的重载消息 ;; ; ; 参数重载 ;覆盖;替换和重定义 ; 抽象方法; ; ; 纯多态性;纯多态性的一个例子是String类中的valueOf方法。这个方法用于产生一个对象的文字描述，大概的定义如下： public class String { public static String valueOf (Object obj) { if (obj == null) return null; return obj.toString(); } }; ; ; 效率与多态性;Java code to demonstrate polymorphism;Java code to demonstratepolymorphism (cont.);Java code to demonstratepolymorphism (cont.);More Example Java