Analysis of Gas Pipeline Failure Iowa State （爱荷华州的天然气管道分析失败）.pdfVIP

Analysis of Gas Pipeline Failure E. Phillip Dahlberg and T. V. Bruno SUMMARY Failure of an operating gas pipeline is a rare event. However, when it does occur, it must be properly analyzed to prevent recurrence. What follows are analytical procedures f or analyzing pipelines along with examples and characteristics of some typical failures. INTRODUCTION Failure of a natural gas transmission or gathering line during service is extremely serious because of the potential for loss of life. Yet statistics show that failures occur only once a year per thousand miles of pipeline. Part of the reason for this excellent record is the pipeline industry research over the past thirty years into failures and means of prevention. Figure 1. This work, sponsored by such organizations as The American Gas Association, The American Iron and Steel Institute, and The British Gas Corporation, has resulted in improved pipeline steels, manufacturing and inspection procedures, and improved pipeline designs. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES While pipeline configuration simplifies the geometrical aspects of analysis, the trauma accompanying the failure often obscures or destroys characteristics important to identifying the causes. The sudden release of large amounts of stored elastic strain en ergy can badly deform the pipe, while gas fires, if they occur, can alter pipe properties. In addition, post- Figure 1. Number of gas pipeline service failure corrosion and handling away from laboratory facilities may obliterate fine-scale incidents versus year of occurrence by fracture features. To overcome inherent difficulties and accurately determine causes, a